Computer History - 1800's

Year	Event
1804	Frances Joseph-Marie Jacquard completes his fully automated loom that is programmed by punched cards.
1811	Alexander Bain is born in 1811.
1814	Izrael Staffel is born in 1814.
1815	Giovanni Caselli is born April 25, 1815.
1815	George Boole is born November 2, 1815.
1815	Ada Lovelace is born December 15, 1815.
1816	Charles Stanhope passes away December 15, 1816.
1819	Christopher Sholes is born February 14, 1819.
1820	Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar creates the "arithometer", the first reliable, useful, and commercially successful calculating machine.
1822	In the early 1822 Charles Babbage purposed and begins developing the Difference Engine.
1823	Baron Jons Jackob Berzelius silicon (Si), which today is the basic component of IC's.
1825	The earliest known surviving photograph is taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1825 of a view of a courtyard from his window.
1827	Georg Simon Ohm introduces Ohm's law in the book Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet.
1830	Jean Fourier passes away May 16, 1830 (Age: 62)
1831	Joseph Henry of Princeton invents the first working telegraph.
1832	Semen Korsakov uses punch cards for the first time to store and search for information.
1833	Joseph Niépce passes away July 5, 1833 (age 68)
1835	Elisha Gray is born August 2, 1835.
1837	Charles Babbage purposes the Analytical Engine.
1838	Samuel Morse invents a code (later called Morse code) that used different numbers to represent the letters of the English alphabet and the ten digits.
1844	Samuel Morse dispatches the first telegraphic message over a line from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore on May 24, 1844.
1845	In 1845, Izrael Staffel demonstrated the Staffel's calculator at the industrial exhibition in Warsaw.
1847	Thomas Edison is born February 11, 1847.
1847	Alexander Graham Bell is born March 3, 1847.
1847	Siemens is founded on October 12, 1847.
1849	John Ambrose Fleming is born November 29, 1849.
1849	George Grant is born December 21, 1849.
1850	Charles Flint is born January 24, 1850.
1851	Western Union was founded.
1852	Ada Lovelace passes away November 27, 1852.
1854	Augustus DeMorgan and George Boole formalize a set of logical operations now known as DeMorgan transformations.
1854	George Fairchild is born May 6 , 1854.
1854	Georg Ohm passes away July 6, 1854 (Age: 65)
1855	The Crane Company is founded.
1856	Nikola Tesla is born July 10, 1856.
1857	Heinrich Hertz is born February 22, 1857.
1857	The phonautograph (phonograph) is patented March 25, 1857 by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. The device was capable of transcribing sound to a medium.
1858	Jagadish Bose is born November 30, 1858.
1859	The Elevator is patented on August 9, 1959.
1860	Herman Hollerith is born February 29, 1860.
1861	The first known permanent color photograph is taken of a Tartan Ribbon by the photographer Thomas Sutton. To achieve a color image he took a photo of the ribbon three times, each time with a different color, a method developed by James Clerk Maxwell.
1862	Dorr Felt is born March 18, 1862.
1864	George Boole passes away December 8, 1864.
1866	The first successful Trans-Atlantic cable is laid from Ireland to Newfoundland.
1868	Christopher Sholes is issued a patent on July 14, 1868 for a typewriter utilizing the QWERTY layout keyboard still used today.
1870	Mitsubishi is founded.
1870	Charles Thomas passes away March 12, 1870.
1871	Charles Babbage passes away October 18, 1871.
1872	Samuel Morse passes away April 2, 1872.
1873	Georg Scheutz passes away May 22, 1873.
1874	Thomas Watson is born February 17, 1874.
1874	Guglielmo Marconi is born April 25, 1874.
1875	Tanaka Seizo-sho is established in Japan and later merges with another company called shibaura Seisaku-sho to form Tokyo Shibarura Denki. Later this companies name is shortened to the company that we know today, Toshiba.
1875	William Eccles is born August 23, 1875.
1875	The company American Telephone and Telegraph Company that later became AT&T is founded.
1876	Scottish-Canadian-American Alexander Graham Bell is often credited as inventing the telephone makes the first call March 10, 1876.
1877	Alexander Bain passes away January 2, 1877.
1877	The microphone is invented in the United States by Emile Berliner.
1877	Thomas Edison invents and announces on November 21, 1877 the first phonograph capable of recording and replaying sounds.
1878	Eadweard Muybridge's "The Horse In Motion" becomes the first motion picture.
1878	Joseph Henry passes away May 13, 1878 (Age:80)
1879	Albert Einstein is born March 14, 1879.
1879	Thomas Edison demos incandescent electric light bulb that lasts 13 1/2 hours October 21, 1879.
1879	James Jacob Ritty patents the worlds first cash register November 4, 1879.
1879	President Rutherford B. Hayes becomes the first president with a phone in the White House and gets the phone number "1."
1880	ASME is founded.
1881	Emanuel Goldberg is born on August 31, 1881.
1882	The first commercial electric power station becomes operation September 4, 1882.
1882	Fredrik Bull is born December 25, 1882.
1883	Edith Clarke is born February 10, 1883.
1883	American Thomas Edison discovers the Edison effect, where an electric current flows through a vacuum.
1884	Izrael Staffel passes away in 1884.
1885	American Telegraph and Telephone company (AT&T) is incorporated March 3,1885.
1886	Heinrich Rudolf Hertz proves that electricity is transmitted at the speed of light.
1887	Yamaha is founded October 12, 1887.
1888	Clair Lake is born in 1888.
1888	National Geographic Society is established on January 27, 1888.
1888	Nikola Tesla patents the rotating field motor May 1, 1888 and later sells the rights to George Westinghouse. This invention helps create and transmit AC power and today is still a method for generating and distributing AC power.
1888	William S. Burroughs patents a printing adding machine.
1888	Eastman Kodak is founded.
1888	John Loud gets patent for the ballpoint pen October 30, 1888.
1888	Friedrich Reintzer discovers liquid crystal.
1890	Henry Philips is born in 1890.
1890	Christopher Sholes passes away February 17, 1890.
1891	Phillips is founded.
1894	Heinrich Hertz passes away January 1, 1894 (Age: 36)
1895	Nortel Networks is founded.
1895	Wilhelm Röntgen discovers X-rays November 8, 1895.
1896	Herman Hollerith starts the Tabulating Machine Company, the company later becomes the well-known computer company IBM (International Business machines).
1897	Gertrude Blanch is born.
1897	Emil Post is born February 11, 1897.
1897	German scientist Karl Ferdinand Braun invents the Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope.
1897	Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, a motion picture viewer on August 31, 1897.
1898	Alcatel is founded.
1898	Nikola Tesla invents the remote control November 8, 1898.
1890	Vannevar Bush is born March 11, 1890.
1890	Herman Hollerith developed a method for machines to to record and store information onto punch cards to be used for the US census. He later formed the company we know as IBM today.
1891	Giovanni Caselli passes away June 8, 1891.
1899	Nippon Electric Company is renamed to NEC Corporation July 17, 1899.
1899	AT&T acquires assets of American Bell, and becomes the parent company of Bell System.
1899	On September 13, 1899 Henry Bliss becomes the first North American pedestrian to be killed by an automobile.
1899	William D. Middlebrook patents the paper clip on November 9, 1899.